Fuel-fulverizer for internal-combustion engines.



B. KR'A' ER. FUEL PULVERIZER FOR INTERNAL COMBU ST|ON ENGINES.

- APPLICATION FILED AUG.15,1912. mmm

Patented June 8, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SH'EET 2.-

151mm erar Panasonic IBERNHARD KRAMER, OF CHARLOTTENBURG, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION 01 NEW YORK.

FUEL-PULVERIZER non. inrnnwa-n-oomnus'rroiv :en'omns.

k Specification of Letters Patent. Pa i gnteqfl Jung $9 1915,

Application filed August 15, 19 12. Serial-No. 715,220.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it'known that I, BERN-HARD KRAMER, subject of the Emperor of Germany, and residing at Charlottenburg, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improve- -ments, in Fuel-Pulverizers for Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the follow ing is a specification.

The present invention relates to fuel pul- -verizers or injectors for internal combustion engines of the type wherein each successive charge of fuel, such as crude oil for example, is injected by a blast of high pres:

, sure air into a body of compressed air in the combustion space of the engine cylinder,

vention, Figure 1 is an axial section through the pulverizer and the cylinder of the engine; Fig. 2 is a cross section taken on line 22 of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a cross section taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

5 indicates the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, which may be horizon tally or vertically disppsed. In the present embodiment of the invention the cylinder is intended to occupy a vertical position. Located within the cylinder are two pistons (not shown), which move in opposite directions and are connected to the same crank-- shaft: Formed integral with the cylinder is a projection 6 that is recessed or bored centrally to receive the pulverizer means, as will appear later. The cylinder is also provided with an annular jacket 7 and between the jacket and the cylinder is a chamber 8 through which cooling water circulates. 1 It is to be notedthatthe projection 6 extends through the jacket 7 and is separated th'erefrom by an annular space 9. By reason of this construction the cylinder, which is subjected to different temperatures]? than the ja'cket,is freeato expand and contract-with temperature changes without being modified or restricted in any way by the jacket. This arrangement has the advantage that the cylinder will not be distorted in the region of the pulverizer or atomizer, and hence interfore with the proper working of the pistons. I

That is to say,-if it were not for this con struction and the jacket and cylinderwere rlgidly-unitedin the region' of the pulverizer means, the difference in temperature between said parts would inmany cases force the cylinder out of line"ori*cause some part of the structure to break. "As will appear later, the pulverizer and theparts associated therewith are all mounted in'the projection 6, so that its distortions do'notaffect the alinement of the working parts.

This is a very important feature, since all of i the parts of the pulverizer means nust fit with great exactness.

10 indicates a soft packing which is situated in an annular recess formed partly in out of the cooling chamber 8 through the clearance orspace 9. The packing is confined by an annular plate 1 1 that is secured in place by stud bolts 12, 'the latter being threaded into the jacket.

Located in the recess in the projection 6 the projectionfi and partly in the jacket 7. Its object is to prevent water from leaking is a casing-13, that is provided with a conical-ended surface 14that makes a tight fit with a corresp'ondingsurface in the cylinder Wall. This casing is held in position by a number of bolts 15, of which four are shown. It Will'be noted that these bolts enter the projection so that if the latter is dis- .torted in any direction, the position of the casing will be correspondingly changed and the alinement of the lgarts preserved.

' ored centrally to re The casing'13 is ceive'the pulverizer 16, which is made .in two principal parts. 'The main portion thereof is provided with a beveled or in-.' clined end 17, that snugly fits a corre= spondingly shaped surface in the "casing.

The periphery of the pulverizer is provided 18, between which are passages" for conveying compressed air under high pressure,

with a plurality of'axially extending ribs I commonly, referred to as the air blast- The pulverizer isv also provided with" a screw threaded portion 19 to receive a tool, by means of which it can be rem )ved. The end of the pulverizer adjacent the cylinder is provided with a plurality of diagonal openings or passages 20 that converge toward a common point, and through which oil is discharged into the cylinder. As shown, some of these passages are arranged to discharge heavy oil and the-other or others to discharge a lighter oil. The lighter oil may be used only in starting or it may be used continuously as desired. In the present embodiment of my invention only one passage 21 is provided for the light oil which is in communication with the annular chamber 22, the latter receiving oil from the passage 23. The passages receiving heavy oil are in communication with the chamber 24, the latter receiving oil from the passage 25. Thepassages 23 and 25 are provided with check valves 26, Fig. 2, which prevent the air blast under any condition from blowing oil back through the supply pipes 27 and 28, or, in other words cut off the blast pressure from the supply pipes and the pumps. The pipe 27 is connected to a pump for supplying the light oil and the pipe 28 to a pump for supplyingthe heavy oil. Air for forcing fuel into the cylintis supplied by pipe 30 which is connected to a compressed air receiver of suitable construction. Air from this pipe enters the passage 31, which is in communication with the air chamber 82. This chamben is annular in form. and its center is eccentrically disposed to the axis ofthe pulverizer, as best shown in Fig. 2. Located within the pulverizer is a needle valve 33' whose inner end is tapered to conform to the shape of the seat in the pulverizer and is also hardened to reduce wear. Apparatus of this character is subjected to very high pressures, for example the fuel pressure may be 1350 lbs. per square inch and the air blast pressure 900 to. 1200 lbs. per sq. inch. These pressures vary of course under different conditions and with different machines' From these illustrations it will be seen that the parts must not only be well made and accurately fitted at the start to keep the oints and seats pressure tight but that the construction must be. such that said relation will be preserved. In order to keep the parts pressure tight, the inner end of the main part of the pulverizer has been made conical. The opposite end is made, in the form of a nut 84-, which is, seated on the face of the casing 13. It is prefe'able to inserta soft copper washer 35 in this joint to insure a, tight fit. Between the nut and the other portion of the pulverizer is a stiff compression spring 36 which at all times presses the main portion 16 of the pulverizer against its seat.

The outer end of said portion is re-' duced in cross sect on and fits the bore of the nut 84. Tnthis bore is located a suitable packing 37 that is held under compression by the nut 38. By reason of the construction described it will be seen that a tight joint is maintained betweenthe nut 34 and the casing and also between the inner end of the pulverizer and the casing.

In order to properly distribute the mixture of fuel and blast air within the combustion space a flame plate 39 is provided which is held in place by a ring nut 40. In the flame plate are two or more radial openings 4-1 through which the mixture of fuel and air passes.

Mounted on the casing containing the pulverizer is a frame 42 which carries a pivot or fulcrum 1-3 for the lever 44, the latter actuating the needle valve 33. By preference this fulcrum is made in the form of an eccentric, the end parts 4-5 of which are cylindrical, so that by rotating the'eccentric portion about the axis of the parts 45, the lever 44 as awhole can be. moved in the direction of its length, thus permitting the timing of the needle valve 33 to be changed;

that is to say, the valve can be'made to open earlier or later with respect to the dead center position ofthe cranks on the main shaft. To facilitate this adjustment the pivot is provided with a plate 46. Fig. 3 containing a pin 4 that is adapted ,to be inserted in any one of the holes 48 shown in dotted lines Fig. 1. One end of the lever is provided with a roller 49 that is adapted to roll on the fuel cam 50, the latter being driven by the cam shaft 51 that is geared to the main shaft of the engine. The other end of the lei-er 414i is provided with a fork 52 that embraces the needle-valve 33 and is provided with a removable wearing plate 53 that engages a spherical surfaced piece 54-. The part 54: is seated in a cupped out portion of the hub of the valve guide 55. The

object of this arrangement is to prevent the parts from binding and obviate anyinterference with the free operation thereof. Between the lever and the nut 38 is a. coiled compression spring 56 that tends at all tildes to hold the parts in the position shown. The guide is cylindrical in form and is located in a projection 57 of the frame.

The frame projection 57 is screw threaded to receive the spring holder 58. The left hand end of the compression spring 59 rests on an abutment 60 that enters the outer end of the spindle of the needle valve 33. The other end of the spring engages the abutment 61, said abutment being adjusted by the screw 62. To the abutment 60 is attached an indicator 63, the ree end of which extends outwardly through the adjusting screw 62, so that the operation of the needle valve can be observed and its length of movement easily measured.

It will be observed that the pulverizer, the

needie vaive and tbe actueting mechanism therefor (with the exception of the cam 50) are mounted on the projection-6 of the cyl-. inder, so "than-s10 matter in which direc-' .where necessary, and if one part of said pulverizer is injured it can be replaced wlthout the other, thereby effecting a savingin cost arranging the parts as shown and described, the needle valve can be made relatively short which is desirable from a manufacturing and operating standpoint. At the same time the parts are simple, easily manufacturedand not liable to get out of order.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is onlyillustrative and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In an engine of the character described, the combination of a cylinder having an outwardly extending recessed projection, a jacket for the cylinder having an opening through which the projection extends, said opening being of greater diameter than the projection whereby said projection and jacket are capable of independent move-.

ments, a pu'lyerizer means located in said re cess for dischargingfuel into the cylinder, a conduit for supplying fuel to said means, a conduit for supplying a blast of air to said means at a pressure greater than the -compress1on pressure in the combustion space of the cylinder, and means for securing the'pulverizer meahs in said projection. 2. In an engine of the character described, the combination of a cylinder having an outwardly extending recessed projection, a cooling jacket for the cylinder having an opening through which the projection extends, said opening beingv of greater diameter than the projection whereby said projection is free to movewith respect to the cooling jacket under temperature changes, a packing for the joint between said projec tion and the jacket, and av pulverizer means for injecting fuel into the combustion space of the cylinder which is located in the recess and is supported solely by the projection.

3. In an engine ofthecharacterdescribed, the combination er: a 'cylinden 'a water jacket surrounding it and'having an opening, a recessed projection. supported solely by'the cylinder and projectingthrough said opening, saidopening being of greater diameter than saidprojection solasto permit relative independent "imovements Y of; the

jacket and projection'underexpansion, a

casing located in said recess andfshppor'tgd solely by saidv projectioma panes/ .91mi):

cated in said casing, conduits-conveying fuel and. air under high pressure thereto, a

"needle valve in the pulverizer controlling the admission of fuel to the combustion space of the cylinder, a frame also carried by the projection, a lever supported by the frame for opening the valve, and a cam for actuating the lever. v i

4. In an engine or the character described, the combination of a cylinder having an exterior projection on one side containing an opening communicating with the cylinder, a water jacket surrounding the cylinder having an opening-of greater cross-sectional area than that of the projection and through which the projection extends, a casing, means for attaching the casing to the projection so that it may movetherewith, a pulverizer in the casing under the influence of temperature changes, a needle valve that extends through the pulverizer for controlling the admission of fuel to the combustion space of the cylinder, a guide for the valve, a lever for actuating the valve','a spring f0P' closing the valve, and a frame that carries the guide, spring and leverand is itself supported by the projection.

In an engine of .tne'character described, the combination of a casing having 30011169,].

ended bore, a pulverizer mounted therein:

which fits said'bore, said pulverizer having a flange within the bore, a retaining nut that is seated pressure tight on the casing,-

a coiled compression spring'lo'cated between the nut and the" flange for holding the pulverizer against its seat, and a-valve for controlling the passage of fuel fromthe pub verizer.

6. In an engine of the character described,

the combination of a casing having a conical ended bore, a pulverize'r mounted therein which fits said'end, a retaining nut, a'coiled compression spring located between the nut,

and the pulverizer which hold the latter against its seat, a needle valve which passes through the pulverizer and the nut, a packingfor the valvestem, a means for actuat ing the needle valve, and conduit means for admitting fuel and a gas to the pulveri'zer.

17. In a fuel injector for an internal com bustion engine, the combination of a casing containing a pulverizer, aneedle valve'for controlling the passage of fuel that extends through said pulverizer, a frame mounted on the casing, a guide for the outer end of the needle valve carried by said; frame, a

tween said lever and an abutment associ- "rei'imrnee to the lever when the same is means which acts to close said needlevalve rocked and simultaneously to rock with refalso carried by said frame, a lever for actuen ce to the abutment in a bearing therein;

sting said valve pivoted on said frame and In Witness whereof I have hereunto set acting on the valve bet-Ween said guide and my hand.

said pulverizm, and a part interposed be- BERNHARD KRAMER.

' Witnesses:

ated with the valve adapted to slide with HEINRICH DEcHAMPs,

ALFRED Ki'IPPER.

Gopies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

' Washington, D. C. v 

